Rule for Workers Who Refuse Care For Religious

Rule for Workers Who Refuse Care For Religious

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/05/02/688260025/new-trump-rule-protects-health-care-workers-who-refuse-care-for-religious-reason

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Step 2: Read this argument over carefully a few times. Here’s an argument someone might create to defend a policy like the one you just heard about:

1.It harms healthcare providers to provide care that goes against their religious beliefs (e.g. abortion services, assisted suicide, or sterilization). 2.Employers should not require healthcare providers to do things that harm providers. 3.Therefore employers should not require healthcare providers to provide care that goes against their religious beliefs.

Step 3: Formulate an objection
Spend 30 minutes formulating a strong objection to the argument. Think through the best way to articulate your objection. Remember, even if you agree with an argument’s conclusion, constructing an objection is a valuable activity because it can help strengthen the argument.

Some helpful tips:

?Isolate which premises you think could be challenged by reasonable people ?Can you think of counter-examples that might disprove a premise or make it look shaky? For example, if a premise said “all dogs have fur” and this was a necessary premise for the argument to reach its conclusion, an objector could point out that sometimes dogs do not have fur. This would be a counter example.

?Think about how you might complicate a premise or need to specify it or add nuance to it in order for it to be true, and how might the current lack of nuance or specificity render the whole argument untenable?

The Equality Act says that a philosophical belief must be genuinely held and more than an opinion. It must be cogent, serious and apply to an important aspect of human life or behaviour. For example:

an employee believes strongly in man-made climate change and feels that they have a duty to live their life in a way which limits their impact on the earth to help save it for future generations: this would be classed as a belief and protected under the Equality Act
The Equality Act also says that a belief must also be worthy of respect in a democratic society and not affect other people’s fundamental rights. For example:

an employee believes that white people are a superior race to others and tells their colleagues so: this would not be classed as a belief protected under the Equality Act
Different types of religion or belief discrimination
There are four main types of religion or belief discrimination.

Direct discrimination
This happens when someone treats you worse than another person in a similar situation because of your religion or belief. For example:

a bank refuses you a loan because you’re Jewish
Discrimination can occur even where both the discriminator and the person being discriminated against hold the same religious or philosophical belief. For example:

a Hindu businessman interviews two women for a job as his personal assistant. One is Hindu and the other is not religious. The Hindu woman is the best candidate at interview but he gives the job to the other woman because he thinks his clients (who are mainly Christian or have no religion or belief) will prefer it. This is direct discrimination because of religion or belief
Indirect discrimination
Indirect discrimination happens when an organisation has a particular policy or way of working that applies to everyone but which puts you at a disadvantage because of your religion or belief. For example:

you are Jewish and you finish early on Fridays in order to observe the Sabbath. Your manager has changed the weekly team meetings from Wednesday afternoons to Friday afternoons and you are therefore often absent
Indirect religion or belief discrimination can be permitted but the organisation or employer must be able to show that the policy or way of working is necessary for the way the business operates. This is known as objective justification.

Can I object to a workplace dress code or uniform policy that is against my religion?
Everyone has a human right to manifest their religion or belief under the European Convention on Human Rights. That means you have the right to wear particular articles of clothing or symbols to show that you have a particular religion or belief at your workplace, even if other people of your religion don’t. For example:

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some people wear a crucifix to show they are Christians, but not all Christians do
However because that human right is a qualified right an employer can prevent you from wearing particular articles of clothing or symbols if it is necessary for the role you are doing. For example:

a teacher is asked to stop wearing a floor length garment because it is a trip hazard. If this is necessary to protect health and safety in the workplace and there is no practical alternative, this may be justified
a Sikh man works in food preparation. His employer has a policy that no headgear can be worn and staff must use hair nets. This would not be justified if there was a practical alternative that met the business’s health and safety requirements, such as wearing a new or freshly washed turban for each shift
Harassment
Harassment in the workplace occurs when someone makes you feel humiliated, offended or degraded.

Harassment can never be justified. However, if an organisation or employer can show it did everything it could to prevent people who work for it from behaving like that, you will not be able to make a claim for harassment against it, although you could make a claim against the harasser.

The rules about Harassment don’t apply outside the workplace. However, if you are harassed or receive offensive treatment because of religion or belief outside the workplace this may be direct discrimination. For example:

a Muslim man visits his local takeaway regularly. Every time he goes in, one of the staff makes comments about him being a terrorist. He finds this offensive and upsetting
Victimisation
This is when you are treated badly because you have made a complaint of religion or belief related discrimination under the Equality Act. It can also occur if you are supporting someone who has made a complaint of religion or belief related discrimination. For example:

a woman at work has been harassed by a supervisor because she wears a hijab. Her co-worker saw this happen and is supporting her harassment claim. The co-worker is threatened with the sack. This would be victimisation because the co-worker is supporting her colleague’s claim of harassment

Circumstances when being treated differently due to religion or belief is lawful
A difference in treatment may be lawful in employment situations if:

belonging to a particular religion is essential for the job: this is called an occupational requirement. For example: a prison chaplain serving Methodist prisoners may need to be a member of that faith
an organisation is taking positive action to encourage or develop a group of people with a religion or belief that is under-represented or disadvantaged in a role or activity
a faith school appoints some of their teaching staff on the basis of their religion
an organisation with an ethos based on religion or belief is restricting a job opportunity to people of their religion or belief. For example, a Humanist organisation which promotes Humanist principles and beliefs could specify that their Chief Executive must be a Humanist. However restricting a job opportunity to people of a certain religion or belief is not lawful unless the nature or context of the work demands it
the circumstances fall under one of the other exceptions to the Equality Act that allow employers to provide different treatment or services based on religion or belief
A difference in treatment may be lawful in situations outside the workplace such as if:

a faith school is using religious criteria to give priority in admissions to children from a particular religion.
a religious or belief organisation is restricting its membership or participation in its activities, or the provision of goods, facilities and services to persons of a particular religion or belief. This only applies to organisations whose purpose is to practice, promote or teach a religion or belief, whose sole or main purpose is not commercial. A restriction can only be imposed:
if the purpose of the organisation is to provide services to one religion or belief
if it is necessary to avoid causing offence to persons with the same religion or belief as the organisation
an organisation is taking positive action to encourage or develop a group of people with a religion and belief that is under-represented or disadvantaged in an activity
the circumstances fall under one of the other exceptions to the Equality Act that allow organisations to provide different treatment or services based on religion or belief
If you believe you have been discriminated against you can check in one of our codes of practice to see whether any other exceptions apply.

Plagiarism, LopesWrite & Most Common Formatting Errors

Plagiarism, LopesWrite & Most Common Formatting Errors

I am posting this as these are some of the most common assignment errors and concerns for plagiarism that have occurred throughout the past years of teaching at THE UNIVERSITY.

Currently THE UNIVERSITY uses the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. THE UNIVERSITY has APA resources in the Student Success Center as well as resources in the THE UNIVERSITY Library.  The APA Publication Manual and the THE UNIVERSITY resources are the only supported references by the University. Purdue OWL is not a supported resource by the University. Please ensure you are submitting according to APA style when the assignment directions call for them.   A title page is required for submissions which require APA style formatting.   You may choose to follow APA guidelines for professional papers which includes a running head in anticipation for completion of your scholarly project (see formatting of title pages in Chapter 2 of the APA Manual). An Author Note is not required on the title page. Reference lists need to be double checked for accuracy prior to submission (as I will be checking links).

The following includes some of the most common mistakes:

Format: Going significantly over or under the assignment word count. Points are reduced for either going over or under this requirement, there may also be a separate section on the rubric based on the assignment for word count. Not following correct indentation of the paragraphs or headings. Writing in the first person rather than 3rd person when opinion is not required for the rubric or student has not performed the research being presented in the assignment.

Spelling: points are reduced for distracting mistakes

Supporting details: not including citations to support information/writing of a section. If the rubric states area needs supporting details, students are not including citations to support the details of their writing.

APA/References: This is the area most of point reductions occur:

Currently THE UNIVERSITY uses the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. THE UNIVERSITY has APA resources in the Student Success Center as well as resources in the THE UNIVERSITY Library. The APA Publication Manual and the THE UNIVERSITY resources are the only supported references by the University, Purdue OWL is not a supported resource by the University. Please ensure you are submitting according to APA style when the assignment directions call for them.

1. Running Head: if you follow professional paper guidelines, ensure this is according to APA style. There are specifics regarding capitalization as well as number of characters allowed. (Section 2.8 & 2.18, APA, 2020).

2. Title/Cover page: Ensure the required elements are present, these requirements have changed since the 6th edition. In placing a professor’s/faculty member’s name on the title page, ensure you have provided the accurate information (e.g., Dr. or Professor), (Section 2.3, APA, 2020). An Author Note is not required on the title page.

3. Body of the text: this is the area most struggle on.

• A sample of a professional paper can be found starting on page 50 (APA, 2020)
• General writing rules of the English Language are to have at minimum 3 sentences in a paragraph. This writing rule will be used for grading of rubrics.
• APA writing is typically in the third person; me, myself, I, we and/or us, is all first person and should be used only where personal opinion is required per rubric.
• Abbreviation guidelines can be found in sections 6.24-6.31 (APA, 2020)
• Formatting of in-text citations (Sections 8.10-8.22, APA, 2020).
• Principles of paraphrasing (Section 8.23 & 8.24, APA, 2020).
• Students appear to be concerned about missing a citation. It is not APA format to cite the same author multiple times in a paragraph unless one of two things. 1. there is a new citation between or 2. if there is generalized information and then a direct quote – A sample of writing can be found in the Manual (Section 8.16, APA, 2020).
• Direct quotes need a page number, paragraph number, or section of original work. Principles of quotations can be found in the Manual (Sections 8.25-8.29, APA, 2020).
• Font, spacing and indentation are not consistent (Sections 2.19, 2.21 & 2.24 APA, 2020).
• It is not needed to restate the journal article titles or journal title in the body of the text as the citation will lead the reader to this information.
• Each and every piece of intellectual knowledge, which is not your own personal research, needs to be cited. If it is your personal observation, wording must be in the third person such as “this researcher has observed….” or something along that nature. If you are using someone’s intellectual property word for word without correct APA formatting, this is considered plagiarism – whether or not you have used a citation in the paragraph.   The Manual discusses plagiarism and self-plagiarism (Sections 8.2 & 8.3, APA, 2020).

4. Reference page most common concerns.

• Chapter 9 in the Manual is regarding the Reference List and Chapter 10 in the Manual is regarding Reference Examples (APA, 2020).
• Reference page is not on a new page, flush to top.
• Order of required elements is not correct.
• Not all required elements are found in the reference.
• Authors and year are not formatted according to APA.
• Capitalization in journal article titles are not according to APA.
• Formatting and capitalization of journal titles are not according to APA.
• Order of the references is not according to APA.
• Wikipedia references and the like are not considered scholarly work and will not be accepted as appropriate reference.
• All references in course are required to have a date and be within the past 5 years unless it is a primary sources such as the original theory written. The Manual discussed primary vs secondary sources (Section 8.6, APA, 2020).

I strongly encourage obtaining a copy of the APA manual, it will help you in your graduate studies going forward with appropriate references as per the Manual.