NURS 8200 NURSING RESEARCH METHODS FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

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Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Clinical Settings

Some people consider the difference between the terms “quantitative” and “qualitative” to be similar to the difference between facts and feelings. These individuals might argue that quantitative approaches are better or more appropriate than qualitative approaches, particularly in health care. They might support this argument by saying that quantitative approaches are based on numbers and concrete evidence rather than on subjective observations and opinions.

Based on the information presented in this week’s Learning Resources and Media, do you think this an accurate way of distinguishing quantitative and qualitative methods of research? Is one method inherently superior to the other? How would you describe the difference between quantitative and qualitative research to someone who was completely unfamiliar with these concepts?

This Discussion explores the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research methods as well as the application of each in the practice setting. You examine the suitability of each method to evidence-based practice. You are encouraged to make connections between general characteristics and abstract research concepts to realistic scenarios and actual experiences in your responses to this week’s Discussion prompts.

Note: This Discussion takes place in small groups, which should have been assigned by your Instructor.

To prepare for Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Clinical Settings:

Review Dr. Shi’s comparison of the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research presented in this week’s media presentation and in the “Overview of Qualitative Research Methods” tutorial.
Reflect on the Learning Resources focusing on the use of quantitative and qualitative research in health care.
With the two articles you reviewed in mind (one quantitative and one qualitative), think about how those types of research projects influence, or support, evidence-based nursing practice. Ask yourself: Which methodology is most appropriate for supporting evidence-based practice? What characteristics of that methodology support my conclusion?

By Day 3

Post a cohesive response in your small group that addresses the following:

Analyze how quantitative and qualitative research projects can be applied to evidence-based nursing practice.
What characteristics of quantitative or qualitative research make it the most appropriate for addressing evidence-based practice problems? Support your position.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings in your small group.

By Day 6

Respond to two of your colleagues in your small group in one or more of the following ways:

Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research.
Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.
Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.
Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on reading.s and evidence.

Note: Please see the Course Syllabus and Discussion Posting and Response Rubric for formal Discussion question posting and response evaluation criteria.

Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you learned and/or any insights you gained as a result of the comments made by your colleagues.

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Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and any additional sources.

Post your responses to the Small Group Discussion based on the course requirements.

Your Discussion postings should be written in standard edited English and follow APA guidelines as closely as possible given the constraints of the online platform. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students to ensure your in-text citations and reference list are correct. Initial postings must be 250–350 words (not including references).

NURS 8200 Week 1 Discussion: Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Clinical Settings

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NURS 8200 NURSING RESEARCH METHODS FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

NURS 8200 Week 1: Introduction to Research Methods

What is evidence-based practice? How does it relate to research? What is the significance of evidence-based practice and research in nursing and health care in general? These are questions you may have asked yourself as you prepared for this course.

Evidence-based practice is a term used to describe the integration of individual clinician experience and knowledge with external information from reputable studies and data sets. Research is an integral component of evidence-based practice; it can support or offer other options for the opinions of clinicians (including doctors, nurses, specialists, and other health care professionals) regarding patient care, and it allows clinicians to make informed decisions.

In order to utilize evidence for practice, health care professionals need to be familiar with key research concepts and statistical principles necessary to evaluate data. The first week of this course introduces you to the fundamental concepts of research as they relate to nursing and evidence-based practice. You explore the two major methods of research, quantitative and qualitative, and consider the characteristics of each method. You also consider how each method can be applied to evidence-based nursing practice.NURS 8200 Week 1 Discussion: Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Clinical Settings

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Introduction to research and analysis. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.

In this week’s video, the presenters discuss the use of research in health care and how health care professionals can select appropriate research topics. The video also discusses how to identify organizational sources of data for health care research.

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Tutorials

Walden University. (n.d.). Overview of quantitative research methods. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/qualitative/index.html

This tutorial provides an overview of qualitative research design and methods, including the key questions to consider when using a qualitative methodology.

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

- Chapter 2, “Evolution of Research in Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice”This excerpt discusses methodologies for developing research evidence in nursing and compares quantitative and qualitative research methods. This section of Chapter 2 also introduces levels of evidence and how the various levels are used in evidence-based practice.

- Chapter 3, “Introduction to Quantitative Research”Chapter 3 provides an overview of quantitative research methods, including sampling and research settings. The chapter also outlines the steps of quantitative research from the formulation of a research project to communicating research findings.

Chapter 4, “Introduction to Qualitative Research”Chapter 4 introduces qualitative research methods and examines the use of qualitative research in nursing.

Select and read one article that uses quantitative methodology and one article that uses qualitative methodology:

Bonner, L. M., Simons, C. E., Parker, L. E., Yano, E. M., & Kirchner, J. E. (2010). ‘To take care of the patients’: Qualitative analysis of Veterans Health Administration personnel experiences with a clinical informatics system. Implementation Science, 563–570. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-63

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library using the Academic Search Complete database. [Qualitative]

This article presents a qualitative analysis of interview transcripts with Veteran Health Administration (VA) personnel and examines themes relating to participants’ interactions with and assessment of the VA electronic health record (EHR).

Fletcher, A., Cooper, J. R., Helms, P., Northington, L., & Winters, K. (2009). Stemming the tide of childhood obesity in an underserved urban African American population: A pilot study. ABNF Journal, 20(2), 44–48.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library using the Academic Search Complete database. [Quantitative]

This article presents the quantitative findings of a pilot weight control study performed by the Kids for Healthy Eating and Exercising (KHEE) club in Jackson, Mississippi. This program may be considered a model for successful methods of addressing the nationwide problem of childhood obesity.

Lavoie-Tremblay, M., Paquet, M., Duchesne, M., Santo, A., Gavrancic, A., Courcy, F., & Gagnon, S. (2010). Retaining nurses and other hospital workers: An intergenerational perspective of the work climate. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42(4), 414–422. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01370.x

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library using the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database. [Quantitative]

This article outlines a quantitative study on work climate perceptions and intentions to quit among health care workers belonging to three distinct generations: baby boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. The article offers suggestions for retention strategies based on the findings of this study: identifying areas of work climate improvement that are relevant to workers across the three generations in the study.

Watts, S., Gee, J., O’Day, M., Schaub, K., Lawrence, R., Aron, D., & Kirsh, S. (2009). Program evaluation. Nurse practitioner-led multidisciplinary teams to improve chronic illness care: The unique strengths of nurse practitioners applied to shared medical appointments/group visits. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 21(3), 167–172.

NURS 8200 NURSING RESEARCH METHODS FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library using the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database. [Qualitative]

This article offers a qualitative analysis of case studies of shared medical appointments (SMAs) or group visits for three different chronic diseases. Using the six criteria in a novel chronic care model (CCM), the article illustrates how nurse practitioners (NPs) play a variety of roles in the development, implementation, and sustainability of SMAs as a method of improving the quality of life and care for patients with chronic diseases.NURS 8200 Week 1 Discussion: Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Clinical Settings.

NURS 8200 Week 2: Quantitative Research Designs

NURS 8200 Week 2 Discussion: Starting the Research Process

Formulating a specific, applicable research problem statement is an important step in beginning a research process. The problem statement defines the focus of the research study, dictates what methods and tools will be used, and sets the stage for all subsequent elements of the research process. Because of this, it is necessary to put a great deal of thought into the problem statement to ensure that the rest of the research process will be well planned and appropriate to the problem at hand.

This week’s Discussion asks you to identify evidence-based practice problems that can be addressed using quantitative research methods. Based on the practice problem you select, formulate a quantitative research problem statement. In this Discussion, you are also given the opportunity to evaluate your colleagues’ problem statements. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for appropriate and scholarly examples of research problem statements and how they inform the rest of the research process.

To prepare for NURS 8200 Week 2 Discussion: Starting the Research Process:

Determine a nursing practice problem that is of interest to you and that is appropriate for a quantitative research study. Note: You will continue to use this problem in the Discussions over the next several weeks.
Using the Walden Library and other credible sources, locate and read two or three articles that address your practice problem.
With your practice problem in mind, review the Learning Resources and media presentations focusing on the strategies presented for generating a research problem statement.
Ask yourself: What is the importance of my practice problem to nursing, research, and theory? How might addressing this problem bring about positive social change? How will investigating this problem support evidence-based practice?

By Day 3 of NURS 8200 Week 2 Discussion: Starting the Research Process

Post a proposed research problem statement, including sufficient information to make your focus clear and explaining how addressing this problem may bring about positive social change.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6 of NURS 8200 Week 2 Discussion: Starting the Research Process

Respond to at least two of your colleagues, providing specific feedback and critiquing their problem statement using the following criteria (Gray, Grove & Sutherland, 2017):

Does the problem have professional significance?
Does the problem have potential or actual significance for society?
Does the problem have the potential to build or refine evidence-based practice?

Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you learned and/or any insights you gained as a result of the comments made by your colleagues.

Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and any additional sources.

Post your responses to the NURS 8200 Week 2 Discussion: Starting the Research Process Discussion based on the course requirements.

NURS 8200 NURSING RESEARCH METHODS FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

Your Discussion postings should be written in standard edited English and follow APA guidelines as closely as possible given the constraints of the online platform. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students to ensure your in-text citations and reference list are correct.Initial postings must be 250–350 words (not including references).

NURS 8200 Week 2 Assignment 1: Article Critique [Major Assessment 4]

DNP graduates are expected to apply research findings and integrate nursing science into evidence-based practice. To develop your ability to engage in this high level of nursing practice, you will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a research study over the next several weeks using the concepts presented throughout Weeks 1 through 9 of the course. Your final analysis will be a 5- to 7-page paper that includes the following:

Brief one to two paragraph overview of the study
Two to three strengths of the study and support for your selection (i.e. why is this a strength)
Two to three weaknesses of the study and support for your selection (i.e. why is this a weakness)
Note: The strengths and weaknesses you identified should be in relation to design, sampling, data collection, statistical analysis, results and discussion of the study
Proposed changes to improve the quality of the study, capitalizing on the strengths and improving on the weaknesses identified in the study
Summary of the implications for nursing practice

The purpose of the analysis is to help you develop a deeper understanding of the research process, to inspire you to think critically and deeply about research on a specific topic, and to strengthen your ability to integrate research findings into evidence-based nursing practice. This assignment also gives you practice in analyzing the research literature, which will support you when you begin your DNP project. Before you proceed, please review the rubric for this assignment, which is located in the Grading section in the left-hand navigation menu of this course. Keep in mind that you will be working on your article critique throughout Weeks 2 through 9 with your critique due by Day 7 of Week 9.

By Day 7 of Week 9

To prepare for this week’s assignment complete the following:

Select one of the four research articles cited in this week’s required readings.
Review the various quantitative research designs presented in the textbook readings and research articles and discussed in the “Musings: Aligning Research Question and Methodology” media.
Consider the research design used in your selected article. Ask yourself the following questions. Is the design appropriate for the study? Would a different design provide better results?

You are not required to submit this assignment this week.

NURS 8200 Week 2: Quantitative Research Designs

In Week 1, you examined some fundamental differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods. This week beings the in-depth exploration of quantitative research, which will continue through Week 9. This is not to diminish the use of qualitative research methods, which have just as much merit as quantitative methods. Quantitative research, on the other hand, has at least one underlying commonality—some engagement with numerical values. Because of this, there are many general considerations and principles that can be applied to quantitative research.

This week, you consider the characteristics and uses of many different kinds of quantitative research study designs. You also explore various important components of quantitative research, including research problems and questions, hypotheses, and variables. You examine the purpose and significance of conducting a quantitative research study of your choice, formulate a research problem statement, and develop hypotheses related to the research study you selected. These skills in developing quantitative research designs will assist you in analyzing research studies. This week, you begin your article critique; this assignment will give you the opportunity to apply many of the concepts presented throughout Weeks 1 through 9 of the course.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Formulate a research question, testable hypothesis, and appropriate research design for a quantitative research study
Identify independent and dependent variables
Evaluate the purpose and significance of a proposed research study that applies to evidence-based practice

Photo Credit: nmlfd/Creatas Video/Getty Images

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.

In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Musings: Aligning research question and methodology. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.

NURS 8200 NURSING RESEARCH METHODS FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

This video discusses the importance of having a well-defined research question, which informs the methodology that you use in creating a hypothesis for a research study.

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timeline/index.html

This timeline identifies and describes key historical events related to the development of clinical research throughout the ages.

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

- Chapter 5, “Research Problem and Purpose”

Chapter 5 outlines how to identify and develop a research problem statement, purpose, and research questions. The chapter also provides examples of both quantitative and qualitative research topics, problems, and purpose.

- Chapter 6, “Objectives, Questions, Variables, and Hypothesis”

This chapter explains the different types of hypotheses and assesses how research variables can be used to formulate research objectives in both quantitative and qualitative studies.

- Chapter 10, “Quantitative Methodology: Noninterventional Designs and Methods”

Chapter 10 describes the principles of research design and those foundational concepts that influence the selection of an appropriate quantitative design: causality, bias, manipulation, control, and validity.

Chapter 11, “Quantitative Methodology: Interventional Designs and Methods”

This chapter builds on the material presented in Chapter 10 and discusses how to select the most appropriate quantitative research design for addressing a particular research problem.

Select one of the following articles to use for this week’s Assignment:

Fouquier, K.F. (2011). The concept of motherhood among three generations of African American women. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(2), 145–153.