NRS 430 CLC – Nursing Theory and Conceptual Model Presentation
NRS 430 CLC – Nursing Theory and Conceptual Model Presentation
NRS 430 CLC – Nursing Theory and Conceptual Model Presentation
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Most healthcare personnel lack the comprehensive skills and knowledge required when dealing with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds as a result of evolving education, environment, and experiences. Leininger cited examples of these disparities when explaining the current practice’s lack of a complete understanding of the patient’s needs (Sitzman, & Eichelberger, 2017). As such, the theory was developed to help equip learners with the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to handle patients from various ethical backgrounds while upholding their cultural values and beliefs, as well as the healthy-illness context, in order to promote health. Caring behavior, health and illness values, and behavioral patterns differ across cultures. As a result, it is critical for the nurse to be aware of these beliefs in order to provide quality care that meets the patient’s expectations and satisfaction, regardless of cultural background.
Nurses constitute a critical part of the healthcare system. As practitioners, they leverage various theories to offer care. These models allow the to use various approaches to patient care and community health. Nursing theories offer a systematic way of executing nursing practice to achieve quality outcomes. These theories include various components of healthcare and the setting that influence care delivery (Younas, 2019). The theories focus on four nursing metaparadigm comprising of person, health, nursing, and the environment (Deliktas et al., 2019). The aim of this presentation is to describe Dorothea Orem’s self0care theory and its conceptual model. The presentation illustrates how the policy can be applied in nursing settings.
The presentation’s objectives entail providing an overview of Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory, and evidence to support its efficacy in nursing practice. The presentation also explains and demonstrates the theory’s conceptual model. It also explains the integration of the four metaparadigm concepts into the theory. The presentation also shows three evidence-based illustrations of self-care model’s support for the nursing practice based on rationales.
Dorothea Orem made important and long-term impact in nursing through her self-care theory. Born in 1914, Orem worked in different parts in the country to advance the nursing profession before her demise in 2007 (Younas, 2019). Orem developed her nursing model in 1971 and was vital in assisting to shape the holistic approach nurses use towards patient care. Using the theory, nurses can determine the aspects of care they should emphasize. Self-care model also emphasizes the critical role played by patients play in maintenance of autonomy over the nursing processes.
The theory explains that nurses should intervene in patient care by helping them to make independent decisions based on their autonomy. The theory advances that all people have the ability to care for themselves if given right information and incentive. The model comprises of self-care, self-deficits and theory of nursing system.
According to Orem, Self-care emanates from actions that individuals freely and deliberately start and execute on their own to maintain life, health and wellness based on their environment. deficit occurs when one requires nursing due to incapacitation in providing self-care (Wills, 2019). The nursing system focuses on the interactions between nurses and patients as well as the wholly or partial compensatory nursing system and supportive-educative model that occurs in healthcare settings.
The efficacy of self-care theory is buoyed by diverse study findings which illustrates that health professionals leverage the model to lower costs, develop quality care interventions and allows faculty members to reduce the gap between theoretical aspects and practice for nursing students (Maslakpak et al., 2019). The model helps in enhancing patient outcomes and as it can be used to evaluate appropriate interventions for better results and maintenance of autonomy for patients.
The self-care model focuses on patient care and assists nurse practitioners to think and interact well with patients and colleagues. The framework is vital in development of nursing school curriculum and improving quality of nursing care for patients in different settings by leveraging interventions which are self-sustaining and initiated by patients or individuals in need of care. The self-care model’s primary objective is to ensure that an individual returns and maintains their former state of health and this allows providers to customize care interventions based on patients and their practice settings (Wills, 2019).
The Model’s Conceptual Framework includes three areas: Self-care, self-care deficits and Nursing Agency. Self care contains two aspects that comprise of self-care agency and self-care demands. The self-care agency advances that an individual can care for themselves based on their age, life experience, and sociocultural orientation health and accessible resources (Wazni & Gifford, 2017). The second concept is the therapeutic self-care demand which denotes to the totality of self-care where one performs actions to meet the self-care needs or requisites using acceptable approaches. The self-care requisites are things needed by individuals at al stages of life to care for themselves.
The four Metaparadigm model comprises Person, Environment, Health and Nursing.
The metaparadigm on person and environment requires providers to assess individual abilities of the patient and the influence of their environment in care provision. The person entails the individual getting nursing care. The self-care model incorporates person metaparadigm as it focuses on holistic approach to care. The model implores one to use learned behavior and instincts to meet their needs (Bender, 2018). The model also encourages learning about one’s self-care needs for effective care delivery.
The environment metaparadigm advances that environment influences one’s health care and the interventions they can take to attain better outcomes. The self-care model emphasizes the need for one to be in appropriate environment and understand their external and internal systems to attain better care. The self-care model is categorical that external environment is essential as it meets the universal requisites like access to water, and food among other aspects.
The metaparadigm on person and environment requires providers to assess individual abilities of the patient and the influence of their environment in care provision. The person entails the individual getting nursing care. The self-care model incorporates person metaparadigm as it focuses on holistic approach to care. The model implores one to use learned behavior and instincts to meet their needs (Bender, 2018). The model also encourages learning about one’s self-care needs for effective care delivery.
The environment metaparadigm advances that environment influences one’s health care and the interventions they can take to attain better outcomes. The self-care model emphasizes the need for one to be in appropriate environment and understand their external and internal systems to attain better care. The self-care model is categorical that external environment is essential as it meets the universal requisites like access to water, and food among other aspects.
Description:
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
Nursing theories are tested and systematic ways to implement nursing practice. Select a nursing theory and its conceptual model. Prepare a 1015 slide PowerPoint in which you describe the nursing theory and its conceptual model and demonstrate its application in nursing practice. Include the following:
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2. Explain how the nursing theory incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts.
Present an overview of the nursing theory. Provide evidence that demonstrates support for the model’s efficacy in nursing practice. Explain how the theory proves the conceptual model.
Origin of the comfort theory
- Developed by Katherine Kolcaba
- Kolcaba serves as a registered nurse and had a Master’s degree in nursing
- Kolcaba initially analyzed the term comfort as a term that illustrates strength hence she discovered the theoretical importance of the term.
- She later developed the theory by creating a taxonomic structure.
- The theory was first published in 1994 with other modifications published in 2001 (Coelho, Parola, Escobar-Bravo & Apóstolo, 2016).
Kolcaba developed the comfort theory after conducting a conceptual analysis of the term in various disciplines such as medicine, nursing, psychology, and psychiatry. The theory is a middle-range theory that focuses on placing patient comfort as the main aspect of nursing care. To Kolcaba, nurses provide comfort to patient when they engage in holistic nursing (Coelho, Parola, Escobar-Bravo & Apóstolo, 2016).
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE COMFORT THEORY
- Humans respond to complex stimuli in a holistic way.
- Effective nursing care leads to holistic comfort which is a holistic outcome.
- Comfort is a human need hence humans are bound to seek it wherever possible.
- Nurses are caregivers who can easily identify comfort needs (Coelho, Parola, Escobar-Bravo & Apóstolo, 2016).
Holistic comfort refers to the immediate strength that patients experience when their needs are met by nurses who are their caregivers. The comfort theory not only assumes that patients need comfort, but also that nurses have the ability to identify comfort needs and ensure that patients experience holistic comfort (Coelho, Parola, Escobar-Bravo & Apóstolo, 2016).
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Comfort: this is a concept that strengthens patients and is achieved using comforting actions conducted by nurses during healthcare.
Intervening variables: Factors such as social support, finances, and prognosis that do not change during healthcare and healthcare providers have no control over them. They should be considered by nurses when determining interventions that lead to patient comfort.
Healthcare needs: the needs of patients in healthcare settings.
Enhanced comfort: A desirable outcome that occurs after nurses implement appropriate interventions to meet the comfort needs of a patient.
Institutional integrity: the wholeness, values, and financial stability of healthcare organizations at national, state, regional, and local levels. When nurses engage in comfort care, they promote institutional integrity.
Best practices: these are procedures and protocols developed by healthcare institutions for specific patients after assessments. Comfort needs are patient-specific hence best practices should focus on patient-centered care.
Best policies: Overall procedures and protocols developed by healthcare institutions for use in evidence collection. They should facilitate the identification of patients’ comfort needs (Coelho, Parola, Escobar-Bravo & Apóstolo, 2016).
The comfort theory proves the conceptual model because it encourages the determination of the healthcare needs of a patient and the use of comforting interventions to deal with these needs. In addition, the theory emphasizes on the need of considering intervening variables when providing comfort needs as a way of achieving enhanced comfort.
3. Provide three evidencebased examples that demonstrate how the nursing theory supports nursing practice. Provide support and rationale for each.
Refer to the resource, “Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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Topic 3 DQ 1
Description:
How has nursing practice evolved over time? Discuss the key leaders and historical events that have influenced the advancement of nursing, nursing education, and nursing roles that are now part of the contemporary nursing profession.
Re: Topic 3 DQ 2
The conceptual model directs how research should be conducted, defines theories, and depicts how the theories fit together. Nursing theory, on the other hand, is a set of well-defined and systemic ideas that help to organize disciplinary thinking and influence practice (Whitney, 2018). The conceptual model defines nursing theory and serves as a research framework, whereas nursing theory is used in nursing practice on a daily basis.
The theory of Dorothea Orem emphasizes self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems. Self-care refers to what the patient can do to maintain health; nursing staff assists the patient in addressing deficits in order to achieve health; and nursing systems refer to how nursing actions result in health restoration. The goal is to assist the individual in taking care of themselves and staying healthy, either entirely or partially (Melo et al., 2020). When a deficiency impairs a patient’s ability to care for themselves, the nursing staff provides care and educates the individual until they achieve independence. Being self-sufficient allows the patient to return to his or her previous level of function.
As an example, suppose a patient is admitted with an infected diabetic wound. The nursing process is used by the nurse to collect data, assess, form a nursing diagnosis, plan, implement, and evaluate care. The nurse can then identify the patient’s strengths and weaknesses. Through return demonstration, the nurse will educate the patient on blood sugar control and wound care. When the patient is discharged, this will assist them in achieving self-care and returning to their previous state of health.
Topic 3 DQ 2
Description:
Discuss the difference between a nursing conceptual model and a nursing theory.
Select a nursing theory and provide a concise summary of it. Provide an example in nursing practice where the nursing theory you selected would be effective in managing patient care.
Topic 3 DQ 1
Nursing History
Currently, nursing is seen as a lucrative profession which involves formal medical education and personal willingness of both genders to pursue it as a career. Historically, this was not the position of nursing reflecting its beginning. In the beginning, nursing was based on a family setting and was seen as the role of women to take care of the sick in a family (Judd & Sitzman, 2014). However, this situation changed by the beginning of the 19th century, which marked the onset of urbanization and the industrialization era. People began building hospitals where they could take care of the sick for those who could not do it themselves. However, the care provided was still not based on professionalism (Egenes, 2017).
The realization of the importance of nursing care necessitated the initiation of nursing courses. Valentine Seaman organized early courses for those interested in nursing in 1798. The early 19th century saw the establishment of the Nurse Charity of Philadelphia, which was founded by Dr. Joseph Warrington. These institutions focused mainly on training women to give childbirth and postpartum care. The outbreak of civil war necessitated the need to diversify nursing care to take care of those who incurred varied injuries. This brought the need to develop more training programs. The ideas of Florence nightingale led to the establishment of three educational programs in 1873 (Judd & Sitzman, 2014).
The first nursing organizations were developed in the 1890s – the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses and the Associated Alumnae of the United States. These two organizations were later renamed the National League of Nursing Education and the American Nurses Association respectively. In 1893, Lilian Wald found the Henry Street Settlement House to provide the impoverished populations on the Lower East Side of New York City with nursing and social services. Moreover, the outbreak of the First and the Second World War demanded the need for more nurses with special skills (Egenes, 2017). Since then, nursing has undergone a series of development and diversification that have currently enabled nurses to be involved in solving health problems and incorporation of the professing into the legislation and education systems.
Topic 3 DQ 2
Nursing Conceptual Model and a Nursing Theory
Researchers adopt the utilization of both a nursing conceptual model and nursing theory to offer guidance in developing and testing hypotheses, placing research findings within the scientific context, and sharing their studies within an organizational structure. These models have been used interchangeably though they have distinctive differences. Nursing theory is seen as a set of assumptions, relationships, concepts, and definitions that give a systematic view of a phenomenon. A conceptual model, on the other hand, is viewed as a set of concepts, and statements used in integrating the concepts into a meaningful configuration (Green, 2014). Nursing theories are seemingly generalizable, logical and focus on testable hypotheses. In contrast, the conceptual model includes abstract, graphic illustrations, and is less formal in explaining the relationships between phenomena.
An example of nursing theory is Watson’s theory of human caring. The theory is founded on relationship-based nursing (RBN). It is majorly used in addressing compassion fatigue to curb its negative impacts on patients’ outcomes. It enables nurses to build a relationship with self as a prime way of managing compassion fatigue (Green, 2014. Watson asserts that, for nurses to care for others, they must first care for themselves. If they can attain their own self-healing, then they can renew their energy to show compassion to their patients (McEwin & Wills, 2019). Therefore, the theory can be applied to explain to nurses with compassion fatigue that self –healing is an important remedy to their situation to enable positive outcomes.
When Florence Nightingale founded nursing in the 19th century, little was known about the profession because many regarded it as mere caregiving entity (Silva & Ferreira, 2021). It is exciting to note that the philosophy behind starting the nursing profession was centered on love, compassion, and care for the sick and the injured. This philosophy has been the driving engine behind the nursing success by pushing nurses to higher levels of education and causing transformation. I concur with you that nursing practice has evolved immensely from trial and error to research, evidence-based practice and technological advances. Because of the advancements in science and technology, the nursing profession has also advanced and aligned with the ever-emerging issues and trends in healthcare. One thing I am happy about is that nurses have advanced to higher levels of DNP and PhD, where they can represent themselves in leadership and decision-making positions.
References
Silva, R. N. D., & Ferreira, M. D. A. (2021). Nursing and society: Evolution of Nursing and of capitalism in the 200 years of Florence Nightingale. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 29. Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/j/rlae/a/MrkjQWJZsKWSnyMx4ZqWr3G/abstract/?lang=en
Topic 3 Participation
Description:
NA
View “Beginner’s Guide to PowerPoint – 2017 Tutorial,” by Technology for Techers and Students (2017), located on the YouTube website.
Nursing Timeline
Description:
View “Nursing Timeline,” located on the Grand Canyon University website.
What Is Nursing?
Description:
Review “What Is Nursing,” located on the American Nurses Association (ANA) website.
Grand Canyon University College of Nursing and Health Care Professions Philosophy
Description:
Read “Grand Canyon University College of Nursing and Health Care Professions Philosophy.”
Dynamics in Nursing: Art and Science of Professional Practice
Description:
Read Chapter 2 in Dynamics in Nursing: Art and Science of Professional Practice.
Beginner’s Guide to PowerPoint – 2017 Tutorial
Description:
Topic 3: Nursing History, Theories, and Conceptual Models
Description
Objectives:
- Describe how historical events and nursing leaders have influenced the practice of nursing.
2. Evaluate the use of nursing theory in nursing practice.
3. Evaluate the use of conceptual models in nursing practice.
Study Materials
Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points
NRS-430V NRS-430V-O503 CLC – Nursing Theory and Conceptual Model Presentation 150.0
Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less than Satisfactory (75.00%) Satisfactory (79.00%) Good (89.00%) Excellent (100.00%)
Content 100.0%
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Overview of Nursing Theory and Evidence for Efficacy of Model in Practice 15.0% Overview of the nursing theory is not presented.
Demonstration for support of the efficacy of the model in nursing practice is omitted. An explanation of how the theory proves the conceptual model is not presented. A partial overview of the nursing theory is presented. Support for the efficacy of the model in nursing practice is not illustrated; or, evidence provided is not relevant. An unsupported explanation of how the theory proves the conceptual model is presented. There are significant inaccuracies. More information is needed A summary of the nursing theory is presented. General support for the efficacy of the model in nursing practice is presented, but more evidence is needed for support. A general explanation of how the theory proves the conceptual model is presented. There are some inaccuracies. An overview of the nursing theory is presented. Support for the efficacy of the model in nursing practice is presented. An explanation of how the theory proves the conceptual model is presented. There are minor inaccuracies. Some evidence or rationale is needed for support. A detailed overview of the nursing theory is presented. Support for the efficacy of the model in nursing practice is strongly demonstrated. A detailed explanation of how the theory proves the conceptual model is presented.
Language Use and Audience Awareness (includes sentence construction, word choice, etc.) 5.0% Inappropriate word choice and lack of variety in language use are evident. Writer appears to be unaware of audience. Use of primer prose indicates writer either does not apply figures of speech or uses them inappropriately. Some distracting inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. The writer exhibits some lack of control in using figures of speech appropriately. Language is appropriate to the targeted audience for the most part. The writer is clearly aware of audience, uses a variety of appropriate vocabulary for the targeted audience, and uses figures of speech to communicate clearly. The writer uses a variety of sentence constructions, figures of speech, and word choice in distinctive and creative ways that are appropriate to purpose, discipline, and scope.
Incorporation of Four Metaparadigm Concepts Into Nursing Theory 10.0% Explanation of how the nursing theory incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts is omitted. A partial explanation of how the nursing theory incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts is presented. There are inaccuracies. More information is needed. A summary of how the nursing theory incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts is presented. There are some inaccuracies. More information or detail is needed. An explanation of how the nursing theory incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts is presented. Some detail is needed for clarity. Overall, the explanation provides sound support. A through explanation of how the nursing theory incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts is presented. Compelling evidence is provided for support.
Evidence-Based Examples to Demonstrate That the Nursing Theory Supports Nursing Practice 15.0% No examples are provided to demonstrate how the nursing theory supports nursing practice. The three examples used are not evidence-based, or they do not demonstrate how the nursing theory supports nursing practice. Only one or two examples are provided. Only one example is evidence-based. The examples provided do not fully demonstrate how the nursing theory supports nursing practice. Three examples are provided. At least two examples are evidence-based. The examples provided generally demonstrate how the nursing theory supports nursing practice. More relevant examples are needed. Three evidence-based examples are provided. Overall, the examples are relevant and demonstrate how the nursing theory supports nursing practice. Some additional evidence or rationale is required to fully demonstrate support. Three evidence-based examples are provided. The examples are relevant and clearly demonstrate how the nursing theory supports nursing practice. Strong rationale and evidence are offered that demonstrate support for each example.
Presentation of Content 40.0% The content lacks a clear point of view and logical sequence of information. Little persuasive information is included. Sequencing of ideas is unclear. The content is vague in conveying a point of view and does not create a strong sense of purpose. Some persuasive information is included. The presentation slides are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in organization or in their relationships to each other. The content is written with a logical progression of ideas and supporting information exhibiting a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness. Persuasive information from reliable sources is included. The content is written clearly and concisely. Ideas universally progress and relate to each other. The project includes motivating questions and advanced organizers. The project gives the audience a clear sense of the main idea.
Layout 5.0% The layout is cluttered, confusing, and does not use spacing, headings, and subheadings to enhance the readability. The text is extremely difficult to read with long blocks of text, small point size for fonts, and inappropriate contrasting colors. Poor use of headings, subheadings, indentations, or bold formatting is evident. The layout shows some structure, but appears cluttered and busy or distracting with large gaps of white space or a distracting background. Overall readability is difficult due to lengthy paragraphs, too many different fonts, dark or busy background, overuse of bold, or lack of appropriate indentations of text. The layout uses horizontal and vertical white space appropriately. Sometimes the fonts are easy to read, but in a few places the use of fonts, italics, bold, long paragraphs, color, or busy background detracts and does not enhance readability. The layout background and text complement each other and enable the content to be easily read. The fonts are easy to read and point size varies appropriately for headings and text. The layout is visually pleasing and contributes to the overall message with appropriate use of headings, subheadings, and white space. Text is appropriate in length for the target audience and to the point. The background and colors enhance the readability of the text.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Slide errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Some mecha
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