HLT-362V Topic 3: Clinical Inquiry and Hypothesis Testing
HLT-362V Topic 3: Clinical Inquiry and Hypothesis Testing
HLT-362V Topic 3 Clinical Inquiry and Hypothesis Testing
Both hypothesis testing and confidence interval are essential in data analysis processes in the healthcare system. In healthcare research, hypothesis testing is a way of testing the survey results or an experiment to ensure meaningful results or outcomes. Hypothesis testing is a statistical method whereby researchers test the assumption about the population parameter. The methodology applied by data analysts depends on the type of data collected and the reasons for conducting analysis. Hypothesis testing is often applied in assessing the plausibility of a hypothesis through the application of sample data. On the other hand, the confidence interval refers to an estimate that is computed from the collected data; it gives a range of values for the unknown parameter, such as the mean. Confidence interval is drawn from the confidence level, which is always designated before examining or evaluating data. In most cases, a 95% confidence level is applied in the research processes (Ambrose, 2018).
Hypothesis testing and confidence interval can be used together in the data analysis process. The confidence interval can be applied to inform decisions on when to reject or accept the null hypothesis. Confidence interval involves a range of values that are always set around the mean, either negatively or positively. To reject the null hypothesis, 95% of the values should be set closer to the mean. The confidence interval can be used to reflect the risks of the researcher being wrong. Rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis is always based on the 95% confidence interval (Savage, 2018). In healthcare research, confidence interval may inform the researcher as well as the reader about the significance or power of the study and whether the data and results obtained represent treatment effects.
References
Ambrose, J. (2018). What are statistics and why are they important to health science. In Applied statistics for health care (1 ed.). Grand Canyon University: Grand Canyon University.
Savage, S. (2018). Advantages of confidence intervals in clinical research. Retrieved from: https://www.redorbit.com/news/science/18686/advantages_of_confidence_intervals_in_cl inical_research/
HLT-362V Topic 3: Clinical Inquiry and Hypothesis Testing
Description
Objectives:
Evaluate hypothesis testing approaches and their application to health care.
Define dependent and independent variables and their role in hypothesis testing.
Describe evidence used to “reject “or “do not reject” the null hypothesis.
Evaluate the relationship between hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.
Study Materials
Description:
Read “Chapter 6: Research Design” and watch the associated videos, by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study.
Chapter 10: Estimation
Description:
Read “Chapter 10: Estimation” and watch the associated videos, by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study.
Chapter 11: Logic of Hypothesis Testing
Description:
Read “Chapter 11: Logic of Hypothesis Testing,” and watch the associated videos by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study.
Chapter 12: Test of Means
Description:
Read “Chapter 12: Test of Means” and watch the associated videos, by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive
Multimedia Course of Study.
Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial
Description:
Review “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” by Utens et al., from International Journal of Nursing Students(2013).
Review this article in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 2” document to help prepare for the article analysis assignment due in this topic.
Hypothesis Testing, Type I and Type II Errors
Description:
Read “Hypothesis Testing, Type I and Type II Errors,” by Banerjee, Chitnis, Jadhay, Bhawalkar, and Chaudhury, from
Industrial Psychiatry Journal (2009).
Probability, Clinical Decision Making and Hypothesis Testing
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Description:
Read “Probability, Clinical Decision Making and Hypothesis Testing,” by Banerjee, Jadhave, and Bhawalker, from
Industrial Psychiatry Journal (2009).
Understanding Null Hypothesis Testing
Description:
Read “Understanding Null Hypothesis Testing,” by Jhangiani and Chiang, from the online eBook, Research Methods in Psychology(2013), available on the BC Campus Open Ed website.
The Difference Between Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Research
Description:
Read “The Difference Between Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Research,” by Ginex, from ONS Voice(2017), located on the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) website.
Identifying the Differences Between Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Original Research
Description:
Read “Identifying the Differences Between Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Original Research,” by Baker et al., from Journal of Emergency Nursing (2014).
Probability, Proof, and Clinical Significance
Description:
Read “Probability, Proof, and Clinical Significance,” by Skelly, from Evidence-Based Spine-Care Journal (2011).
Statistical Versus Clinical Significance in Nursing Research
Description:
Read “Statistical Versus Clinical Significance in Nursing Research,” by El-Masri, from Canadian Journal of Nursing Research (2016).
Article Analysis Example 2
Description:
Review this document in conjunction with the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial” article to help prepare for the article analysis assignment due in this topic.
Article Analysis 2
Description:
Use the “Article Analysis 2” template to complete the Article Analysis 2 assignment.
Tasks
You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.
The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.
APA Writing Checklist
Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center.
☐ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout.
☐ The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ Topic is well defined.
☐ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper.
☐ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion.
☐ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error.
☐ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error.
Scholarly Resources: Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience.
Examples of Scholarly Resources include: Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries.
Peer-Reviewed Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline.
Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.
Adapted from “Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources,” located in Research Guides in the GCU Library.
☐ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStorm to check your writing.
