Assignment: Scores in a Distribution HLT 362

Assignment: Scores in a Distribution HLT 362

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The sampling process is essential in the quantitative research processes. The process of sampling allows researchers to identify potential participants to be included in the research process. The study, “Comparing the effects of interactive and non-interactive education using short message service on treatment adherence and blood pressure among patients with hypertension.” by Pour et al., (2020), aims at comparing the impacts of non-interactive and interactive SMS (NISMS)-based education on blood pressure and treatment adherence among patients with hypertension (HTN). To enhance the efficiency of the study, a sample size consisting of 63 hypertensive patients was randomly selected to take part in the study process. The findings from the study showed that ISMS-based education is effective/essential in significantly enhancing treatment adherence among patients suffering from hypertension. On the other hand, NISMS-based education did not show any significance on treatment adherence among the study respondents. Further, the research findings showed that neither non-interactive nor interactive NISMS-based education is essential/effective in reducing DBP and SBP among the patients suffering from hypertension.

A stratified sampling method was used in this study to identify study participants. The target population was initially divided into subgroups; the selected participants shared similar characteristics (Zhao et al., 2019). The sampling method was used because researchers expected measurement of interest to vary between the subgroups that were supposed to be used. Also, there was the need to ensure effective representation of all the subgroups in the study process. The stratified sampling method is effective because it provides better coverage to the population under consideration in the research process (Liberty et al., 2017). Also, with the stratified sampling method, researchers have often had control over subgroups that are used first to classify respondents.

References

Liberty, E., Lang, K., & Shmakov, K. (2017, June). Stratified sampling meets machine learning. In International conference on machine learning (pp. 2320-2329). PMLR. http://proceedings.mlr.press/v48/liberty16.html

Pour, E. R., Aliyari, S., Farsi, Z., & Ghelich, Y. (2020). Comparing the effects of interactive and non-interactive education using short message service on treatment adherence and blood pressure among patients with hypertension. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 9(2), 68. https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/research-methods/1a-epidemiology/methods-of-sampling-population

Zhao, X., Liang, J., & Dang, C. (2019). A stratified sampling-based clustering algorithm for large-scale data. Knowledge-Based Systems, 163, 416-428. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950705118304581

1. Assuming that the distribution is normal for weight relative to the ideal and 99% of the male participants scored between (-53.68, 64.64), where did 95% of the values for weight relative to the ideal lie? Round your answer to two decimal places.

2. Which of the following values from Table 1 tells us about variability of the scores in a distribution?

3. Assuming that the distribution for General Health Perceptions is normal, 95% of the females’ scores around the mean were between what values? Round your answer to two decimal places.

4. Assuming that the distribution of scores for Pain is normal, 95% of the men’s scores around the mean were between what two values? Round your answer to two decimal places.

5. Were the body image scores significantly different for women versus men? Provide a rationale for your answer.

6. Assuming that the distribution of Mental Health scores for men is normal, where are 99% of the men’s mental health scores around the mean in this distribution? Round your answer to two decimal places.

7. Assuming that the distribution of scores for Physical Functioning in women is normal, where are 99% of the women’s scores around the mean in this distribution? Round your answer to two decimal places.

8. Assuming that the distribution of scores is normal, 99% of HIV-positive body image scores around the mean were between what two values? Round your answer to two decimal places.

99% of HIV-positive body image scores for males were between (24.14, 111.86):

9. Assuming that the distribution of scores for Role Functioning is normal, 99% of the men’s scores around the mean were between what values? Round your answer to two decimal places.

10. What are some limitations of this study that decrease the potential for generalizing the findings to the target population?

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

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Discussion Questions (DQ)

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• One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
• I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

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• Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
• In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
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