Assignment: Health Care Delivery Models

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Recently, the US has experienced significant economic changes in the health care system. The cost of health care has exceedingly grown, prompting major reforms and restructuring of the health care sector. The ever-increasing health care cost has threatened to consume the bulk of federal budget and making the preventive care cost unaffordable. As a result, many low-income Americans were unable to access quality health care which in turn, prompted the reforms.

Current Health Care Law Introduced to Reform Some Aspects of the Health Care Delivery System

The identified health care law is the Affordable Care Act (ACA) that is attributed for massive shifts in various aspects of health care and also credited with progress in addressing challenges in health care system in areas such as affordability, access, and quality of care. According to Obama (2016), since the implementation of the ACA, the rate of uninsured have reduced by 43% by 2015, due to reforms brought by the law.  The ACA strives to increase care coordination to enhance health care quality and manage the increasing cost of care due to many prescriptions, needless hospitalizations, and frequent diagnostic testing. The law also sought to transform payment system in the health care system by introducing payment models such as bundled payments, Value-Based Purchasing (VBP), Shared Savings Arrangements, and Pay for Performance (P4P), which strives to change healthcare delivery into affordable, patient-centered, and high quality (Obama, 2016).

Essentially, nurses are better placed to be part or lead in these changes. As the health care system transforms, nursing practices, responsibilities, and roles are equally changing to adapt to the new standards. The transformations in health care require improved skill set on nurses to improve population care and wellbeing. The nurses should also strive to revamp their attention on quality enhancement, patient-centered care, care coordination, and data analytics. Nurses should also work in collaboration with patients and their families to help in understanding the social background, which is critical in realizing patient-oriented health outcomes.  In a nutshell, it is clear that due to ACA, nurses are required to take up roles and responsibilities to promote care and the health of the population.

How Quality Measures and Pay for Performance Affect Patient Outcomes

Quality measures enables the health care organizations level performance across different settings and provide health consumers and insurers a standard metric to assess quality of the facility. Quality measures are crucial in health care industry to move towards evidence-based practice and payment for value which is essential in enhancing patient outcomes. On the other hand, Pay for Performance (P4P) was designed as a technique to shift health care to value-based medicine. P4P binds reimbursement to metric-driven outcomes, patient satisfaction, and proven best practices, which essentially link payment with quality and value. However, despite the positive attributes associated with P4P programs, studies indicate inconsistencies about the effectiveness of P4P in outcome improvement (Roland & Olesen, 2016). Therefore, P4P may not be effective mechanism for enhancing patient outcomes.

Essentially, P4P and quality measures can potentially affect nursing practice by making nurses to determine organizational infrastructure and measures that foster quality management initiatives. As P4P standards change and entail patient outcomes, focus on nursing contribution ensues. Consequently, the expectation and responsibilities of nursing role is to address various strategies to deal with the impact of P4P on nursing performance and the ability of nursing workforce to add to the organizational effort to realize P4P standards such as collaboration, education, patterns of care, and documentation.

Nursing Leadership and Management Roles in Emerging Trends

Today, health care industry is marred with various intricate and multifaceted issues that make it difficult to deliver quality and cost-effective care. Due to these issues, the professional nursing leadership roles have expanded to cater for the arising issues in health care (Weiss, Tappen & Grimley, 2019). The roles include policy setting, managing quality measures, overseeing regulatory adherence, and accounting for fiscal responsibilities. Importantly, nurse leaders are responsible for organizational outcomes, quality healthcare delivery, and patient and staff satisfaction. The nursing leadership roles are expansive and touch the whole organization. The management role include motivation of staff to influence positive outcomes, remaining focused and committed to organization, and ability for critical thinking and teamwork coordination. Leadership and managerial roles complement each other (Weiss, Tappen & Grimley, 2019). Essentially, combining the leadership and managerial roles is effective in detecting and responding to the emerging trends in health care and also ensure promotion of patient safety and quality care in diverse health care settings since all members of the interprofessional teams motivated to understand the dynamics of the health care sector to facilitate better adoption and application of change to improve outcomes.

Emerging Trends

Currently, the nursing practice is faced with various changes such as technological advancement and care delivery which makes role of nurses to grow and evolve (DeNisco, 2019).  Some of the current trends include increased specialization, use of Telehealth, use of electronic health records, emergence of nurse navigator, continuing online education, expanding entrepreneurial opportunities among others.  Therefore, in the next five years, nurses will likely possess the latest information at hand to enable them evaluate and treat their patients. For instance, virtually all nurses will use mobile technology to access electronic health records, lab diagnostics, and medical and drug database reference. Secondly, nurses will be able to use technology to address issues that emanates from communication breakdown such as medical errors. In turn, the trend will help in reducing needless and costly hospital readmissions and avoidable medical errors.

References

DeNisco, S. M. (2019). Advanced practice nursing. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Obama, B. (2016). United States health care reform: progress to date and next steps. Jama, 316(5), 525-532.

Roland, M., & Olesen, F. (2016). Can pay for performance improve the quality of primary care?. Bmj, 354.

Weiss, S. A., Tappen, R. M., & Grimley, K. (2019). Essentials of nursing leadership & management. FA Davis.

Question Description
I’m trying to study for my Nursing course and I need some help to understand this question.

Examine changes introduced to reform or restructure the U.S. health care delivery system. In a 1,000-1,250 word paper, discuss action taken for reform and restructuring and the role of the nurse within this changing environment.

Include the following:

Outline a current or emerging health care law or federal regulation introduced to reform or restructure some aspect of the health care delivery system. Describe the effect of this on nursing practice and the nurse’s role and responsibility.
Discuss how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes. Explain how these affect nursing practice and describe the expectations and responsibilities of the nursing role in these situations.
Discuss professional nursing leadership and management roles that have arisen and how they are important in responding to emerging trends and in the promotion of patient safety and quality care in diverse health care settings.
Research emerging trends. Predict two ways in which the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next five years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care.
You are required to cite to a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Topic: Article Analysis 1

For this assignment:

Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook. Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis 1” template.

Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 1,” for an example of an article analysis.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

hlt_362v_rs2_articleanalysis_1_template.docx
hlt_362v_rs2_articleanalysise

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.